Summary
Tirzepatide is a synthetic peptide that activates two hormone receptors at once: GIP and GLP-1, both involved in insulin release and appetite. It is a licensed medicine in the UK, the US and Australia, which makes it the most heavily regulated substance covered on this site, and it has the largest trial programme of anything here.
What it targets
Acting on the GIP and GLP-1 receptors together influences insulin secretion, appetite and how full a meal feels. In the SURMOUNT-1 trial, 2,539 adults with obesity, or overweight plus a weight-related condition but not diabetes, were randomised to one of three tirzepatide levels or placebo for 72 weeks; both co-primary endpoints, percentage weight change and the proportion losing at least 5 percent of body weight, favoured tirzepatide at every level. A three-year extension followed the participants who also had prediabetes, reporting weight change to week 176, progression to type 2 diabetes and what happened over 17 weeks off treatment. Two further phase 3 trials tested it in moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea with obesity, measuring breathing interruptions per hour of sleep, and a 731-person trial tested it in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity against cardiovascular outcomes and quality of life. The programme is funded by the manufacturer throughout.
Clinical Research
Suppliers stocking Tirzepatide
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